The phrase "damaging effects" refers to any negative or harmful consequences that result from an action, event, or situation. It can describe physical damage caused by a natural disaster, accident, or deliberate act; psychological distress resulting from emotional trauma, loss, or betrayal; and/or long-term impacts on health, relationships, finances, or reputation due to poor decisions or unforeseen circumstances. In essence, the phrase encompasses any consequences that are detrimental to an individual, group, or society as a whole.